![]() Rare but potentially severe adverse events include renal dysfunction, CNS effects and severe thrombocytopenia.Ĭase 1. Side effects are uncommon, but include headache, dizziness and gastrointestinal upset. The usually recommended dose in adults is 500 to 1000 mg once or twice daily. Valacyclovir is available as capsules of 500 mg and 1000 mg generically and under the brand name of Valtrex. Valacyclovir was approved for use in the United States in 1995 and is widely used in the treatment and prophylaxis of genital and mucocutaneous herpes simplex infection. Valacyclovir is indicated for therapy of mucocutaneous and genital herpes simplex infections, both type 1 and 2 and for herpes zoster. Because its activation requires the presence of viral kinases, valacyclovir is only activated in virally infected cells. The resultant triphosphate competes with guanosine for incorporation into viral DNA, blocking viral DNA polymerase activity. Once converted to acyclovir, the drug is phosphorylated intracellularly by viral kinases. Valacyclovir has greater oral bioavailability than acyclovir and has similar activity against herpes viruses, including herpes simplex 1 and 2, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus and varicella-zoster. Valacyclovir (val" ay sye' kloe vir), which is sometimes spelled valaciclovir, is an acyclic purine nucleoside analogue, the L-valyl ester prodrug of acyclovir that once absorbed, is rapidly converted to acyclovir, its active moiety.
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